Wireless lighting control system

ABSTRACT

A networked lighting control system includes a variety of lighting control devices, including intelligent luminaires, standalone intelligent control nodes, plug load controllers, and power packs that communicate over a wireless control network and a commissioning network. Each lighting control device includes a dual-band wireless radio communication interface system. The dual-band wireless radio communication interface system is configured for unicast and multicast communication over a first of two different wireless communication bands as well as point-to-point communication over a second wireless communication band. The standalone intelligence control node can be a wall switch or detector. Commissioning and provisioning of the lighting control system is performed over the second communication band via communications with a mobile device and lighting controls are carried out over the first communication band. The lighting control devices may be divided into light control groups or zones.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/715,808, filed on Sep. 26, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/214,944, filed on Jul. 20, 2016, now U.S.Pat. No. 9,820,361 issued Nov. 14, 2017, the entire disclosures of whichare incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

Conventional wall switches and light fixtures communicate over wiredsystems. More recent lighting systems are wireless; however, it isdifficult to control these systems as the systems scale in size.Moreover, retrofitting existing luminaires to operate over wirelesslighting communication control systems is cumbersome. Accordingly, asystem is needed to overcome these and other limitations in the art.

SUMMARY

Objects, advantages and novel features of the examples will be set forthin part in the description which follows, and in part will becomeapparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the followingand the accompanying drawings or may be learned by production oroperation of the examples. The objects and advantages of the presentsubject matter may be realized and attained by means of themethodologies, instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointedout in the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawing figures depict one or more implementations in accord withthe present teachings, by way of example only, not by way of limitation.In the figures, like reference numerals refer to the same or similarelements.

FIG. 1 is a high-level functional block diagram of an example of asystem of networks and devices that support lightcommissioning/maintenance and provide a variety of lighting control,including communications in support of turning lights on/off, dimming,set scene, and sensor trip events.

FIG. 2 is another high-level functional block diagram of an example of asystem of networks and devices that further includes plug loadcontroller and power pack devices and various lighting control groups.

FIGS. 3A-C are block diagrams of luminaires that communicate via thelighting control system of FIGS. 1-2.

FIGS. 4A-C are block diagrams of different examples of a wall switchthat communicates via the lighting control system of FIGS. 1-2.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a plug load controller that communicatesvia the lighting control system of FIG. 2.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a power pack that communicates via thelighting control system of FIG. 2.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart presenting the states and transitions for thevarious lighting control devices of FIGS. 1-2.

FIG. 8 is a high-level functional block diagram of a mobile device forcommissioning and maintenance of the lighting control system of FIGS.1-2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are setforth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding ofthe relevant teachings. However, it should be apparent to those skilledin the art that the present teachings may be practiced without suchdetails. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components,and/or circuitry have been described at a relatively high-level, withoutdetail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the presentteachings.

Reference now is made in detail to the examples illustrated in theaccompanying drawings and discussed below.

FIGS. 1-2 both illustrate functional block diagrams of an example of asystem of networks and devices that support lightcommissioning/maintenance and provide a variety of lighting control,including communications in support of turning lights on/off, dimming,set scene, and sensor trip events. FIG. 2 is the same as FIG. 1, butfurther includes additional lighting control devices (LCDs): a plug loadcontroller 30 and a power pack 35; and illustrates exemplary lightingcontrol groups. It should be understood that the term “lighting controldevice” means a device that includes a controller (sensor/control moduleor micro-control unit) as shown in FIGS. 3A-C, 4A-C, 5, and 6 thatexecutes a lighting application for communication over a wirelesslighting control network communication band, of control and systemsoperations information during control network operation over thelighting control network communication band.

For example, a luminaire (FIGS. 3A-C) that includes a sensor/controlmodule 315 having a micro-control unit 330 that executes lightingapplication 327 is a lighting control device. A wall switch or touchpanel (FIGS. 4A-C) that includes a sensor/control module 415 having amicro-control unit 430 that executes lighting application 427 is alighting control device. A plug load controller (FIG. 5) that includes amicro-control unit 530 that executes lighting application 527 is alighting control device. A power pack (FIG. 6) that includes amicro-control unit 630 that executes lighting application 627 is alighting control device.

The lighting control system 1 may be designed for indoor commercialspaces. As shown, system 1 includes a variety of lighting controldevices, such as a set of luminaires 10A-N (lighting fixtures) and a setof wall switches 20A-N. Daylight, occupancy, and audio sensors areembedded in lighting control devices, in this case luminaires 10A-N toenable controls for occupancy and dimming.

Luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N, plug load controller 30, andpower pack 35 communicate control over a 900 MHz (sub-GHz) wirelesscontrol network 5 and accordingly each include a first radio in thesub-GHz range. A variety of controls are transmitted over wirelesscontrol network 5, including, for example, turn lights on/off, dimup/down, set scene (e.g., a predetermined light setting), and sensortrip events. Each luminaire 10A-N, wall switch 20A-N, plug loadcontroller 30, and power pack 35, is also equipped with a second nearrange Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) radio that communicate overcommissioning network 7 for purposes commissioning and maintenance thewireless lighting control system 1, however no controls pass over thiscommissioning network 7.

Plug load controller 30 plugs into existing AC wall outlets, forexample, and allows existing wired lighting devices, such as table lampsor floor lamps that plug into a wall outlet, to operate in the lightingcontrol system 1. The plug load controller 30 instantiates the tablelamp or floor lamp by allowing for commissioning and maintenanceoperations and processes wireless lighting controls in order to theallow the lighting device to operate in the lighting control system 1.

Power pack 35 retrofits with existing wired light fixtures (luminaires).The power pack 35 instantiates the wired light fixture by allowing forcommissioning and maintenance operations and processes wireless lightingcontrols in order to allow the lighting device to operate in thelighting control system 1.

Both plug load controller 30 and power pack 35 can include the samecircuitry, hardware, and software as light fixtures 10A-N and wallswitches 20A-N.

The system 1 is provisioned with a mobile device 25 that includes acommissioning/maintenance application 22 for commissioning andmaintenance functions of the lighting control system 1. For example,mobile device 25 enables mobile commissioning, configuration, andmaintenance functions and can be a PDA or smartphone type of device withhuman interfacing mechanisms sufficient to perform clear and uncluttereduser directed operations. Mobile device 25 runs mobile type applicationson iOS7, Android KitKat, and windows 10 operating systems andcommissioning/maintenance application 22 to support commissioning.

Web enabled (cloud) services for facilitating commissioning andmaintenance activities is also provided by mobile device 25. Thecommissioning/maintenance application 22 of mobile commissioning device25 interfaces with the cloud services to acquire installation andconfiguration information for upload to luminaires 10A-N, wall switches20A-N, plug load controller 30, and power pack 35. The installation andconfiguration information is received by mobile device 25 from thegateway 55. The gateway 50 engages in communication through the widearea network (WAN) 55.

Lighting control system 1 can leverage existing sensor and fixturecontrol capabilities of Acuity Brands Lighting's commercially availablenLight® wired product through firmware reuse. In general, Acuity BrandsLighting's nLight® wired product provides the lighting controlapplications. However, the illustrated lighting control system 1includes a communications backbone and includes model—transport,network, media access control (MAC)/physical layer (PHY) functions. Thesub-GHz communications of the wireless control network 5 features arebuilt on a near 802.15.4 MAC and PHY implantation with network andtransport features architected for special purpose control and air timeoptimizations to limit chatter.

The lighting control system 1 can be deployed in standalone orintegrated environments. System 1 can be a an integrated deployment, ora deployment of standalone groups with no gateway 50. One or more groupsof lighting control system 1 may operate independently of one anotherwith no backhaul connections to other networks.

Lighting control system 1 may comprise a mix and match of various indoorsystems, wired lighting systems (nLight® wired), emergency, and outdoor(dark to light) products that are networked together to form acollaborative and unified lighting solution. Additional control devicesand lighting fixtures, gateway(s) 50 for backhaul connection, time synccontrol, data collection and management capabilities, and interoperationwith the Acuity Brands Lighting's commercially available SensorViewproduct may also be provided.

As shown in FIG. 2, control, configuration, and maintenance operationsof the lighting control system 1 involve networked collaboration betweenthe luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N, plug load controller(s) 30,and power pack(s) 35 that comprise a lighting control group. Aninstallation is comprised of one or more lighting control groups eachoperating independently of one another. One or more lighting controlgroups may exist in the wireless control network 5. Each lightingcontrol group will have a group monitor, and this is shown in FIG. 2where there a two groups and each group has a monitor.

Groups are formed during commissioning of the lighting control system 1where all members of the group are connected together over wirelesscontrol network 5, which in our example is a sub-GHz subnetwork definedby an RF channel and a lighting control group identifier.

The lighting control devices subscribe to channels and only listenfor/react to messages on the RF channel with the identifier (ID) of thesubscribed channel that designates the lighting control group that thelighting control device is a member of. For example, the lightingcontrol devices subscribe to a multicast group as identified by thelighting control group identifier and only react to messages on the RFchannel of the lighting control group.

In general, groups do not share RF channels and thus form their own RFsubnetwork, however with only 10 available channels some overlap isinevitable. Analysis and simulation have indicated that groupdistribution and spatial separation will mitigate the congestion andcollision side effects that can occur when many lighting control devices10A-N, 20A-N, 30, 35 share a singular RF enclave.

A group can be further divided to address control to specific controlzones within the group defined by a control zone identifier. Zonecommunications are managed as addressable features at run time. Up to 16independent zones of control are available for each group and each groupcan support up to 128 addressable elements (luminaires 10A-N, wallswitches 20A-N, plug load controller 30, power pack 35).

The wireless control network 5 distributes control messages and events,network management messages and events, health and failover events, andgroup commissioning and maintenance communications, such as firmwareupdate distributions and group membership changes.

Wireless control network 5 provides a secure control network (Sub-GHz)on which to operate. Devices are manually added to the wireless controlnetwork 5 via the commissioning process via commissioning/maintenanceapplication 22 of mobile device 25. The commissioning process includesauthorization and authentication features that allow only trusted andknown entities to add confirmed devices 10A-N, 20A-N, 30, 35 to thenetwork. Requirements relating to network modification (deviceadd/delete/modify) are allocated to the mobile device 25 and itsinterface (commissioning/maintenance application 22) to the lightingcontrol system 1.

Message authentication in the lighting control system 1 is provided bythe 802.15.4 compliant MAC layer solution commercially available fromSilicon Labs. The solution uses the AES CCM block cypher mode ofoperation to secure over the air frames. The mode of operation providesNIST compliant authentication, encryption, and integrity assurance todefeat replay attacks as well as device and message spoofing.

Lighting control system 1 also implements an additional layer ofauthentication by performing checks on the message source and addressingmechanisms to reject messages from unknown sources (i.e. sources thatare not authorized members of a lighting control group network). Anintrusion detection scheme using the above schemes and that reports suchevents will be made via the gateway 50.

The sub-GHz MAC/PHY (wireless control network 5) thus provides securecommunication features (authentication, data integrity, and encryptionassurance) based on the 802.15.4 standard.

The lighting control devices over the wireless control network 5together may engage in any-to-many (unicast and multicast) communicationand can implement a non-mesh wireless network topology. In our example,wireless control network 5 is a star topology network. Although othernetwork schemes may be utilized, a star topology may be the best fit foraligning the required control communications features with thecharacteristics of sub-GHz wireless radio. At the center of eachlighting control group in a star topology wireless control network 5 isa singular group monitor as shown in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, luminaire 10A isthe group monitor for lighting control group 1 and luminaire 10B is thegroup monitor for lighting control group 2. Lighting control group 1further comprises luminaire 10N, wall switch 20A, and plug loadcontroller 30. Lighting control group 2 further comprises wall switch20B and power pack 35.

The monitor is responsible for receiving control events from theirsource (luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N, plug load controller 30,and power pack 35) and ensuring reliable and timely delivery of theevent to the other members of the group. The monitor uses a quick besteffort multicast mechanism for fast high-probability delivery. Themonitor follows up the multicast with a reliable point to pointcommunication to ensure that all destination devices received the event.

Commissioning

Commissioning is the process that sets the lighting controlconfiguration and settings that drive the behavior of the lightingcontrol system 1. One or more mobile devices 25 can be used tocommission the installation of lighting control system 1. During setup,commissioning/maintenance application 22 of the mobile device 25provides a secure method for a system installer to configure thelighting control devices (LCDs) for installation commissioning. Thelighting control devices include luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N,plug load controller 30, and power pack 35.

General behavioral settings and network addressing information arestored on the mobile device 25 for upload and allocation to theinstallation's lighting control devices via commissioning/maintenanceapplication 22. The installation information is managed bycommissioning/maintenance application 22 of mobile device 25 to ensurecorrectness and to eliminate common errors such as assignment ofduplicate network addresses. Communication between the mobile device 25for commissioning/maintenance and the lighting control devices is overthe commissioning network 7, such as a BLE network. The lighting controldevices are initially in an installation state, beaconing theiradvertisements when the commissioning starts.

Upon connection with the mobile device 25, the commissioning/maintenanceapplication 22 of mobile device 25 transitions the lighting controldevices to a commissioning state. Further upon connection, the lightingcontrol device authenticates the mobile device 25 and is ready to acceptcommands over the commissioning network 7. The wall switches 20A-Nsuppress sleep mode until completion of the commissioning process andtransition to operational mode. Wall switches 20A-N will re-enter sleepmode if the commissioning process is interrupted—two elapsed hours withno activity.

An installation is commissioned according to lighting control groups. Agroup is a collection of LCDs sharing the same space within aninstallation (e.g. a room or area). Each lighting control group in theinstallation has a special lighting control device called the groupmonitor. The group monitor keeps tabs on the overall state and health ofthe lighting control devices within the group and assists in thecommunication of lighting control events between group elements. Ingeneral, one can visualize the group network topology as a star with thegroup monitor as the central node and the remainder of the group'slighting control devices at points of the star.

A group is commissioned by first establishing the group's lightingcontrol network 5 and then configuring the group's control behavior. Thelighting control network 5 is established over a 802.15.4 based MACriding on top of a sub-GHz (904 MHz to 926 MHz) PHY. The commissioningnetwork 7, such as a Bluetooth Low Energy MAC/PHY, is used to as thepoint to point connection medium to transfer control networkconfiguration from the commissioning/maintenance application 22 of themobile device 25 to a lighting control device Thecommissioning/maintenance application 22 of mobile device 25 builds anetwork table of the group devices while establishing the lightingcontrol network 5. The network table, used by the group monitor in theexecution of its responsibilities, is uploaded from the mobile device 25to the group's lighting control devices via commissioning/maintenanceapplication 22.

Each lighting control device also has a behavioral configuration. Theconfiguration is specified by a group of settings that define controlcharacteristics such as sensor set points, delays, modes, and ranges.The control characteristics also specify independent zones of controlwithin the group. These characteristics and settings are customized asnecessary and uploaded from the mobile device 25 to each lightingcontrol device via commissioning/maintenance application 22.

During the commissioning process, line powered lighting control devicesare installed, powered, and advertising over BLE. Battery poweredlighting control devices, such as wall switches 20A-N, are installed andin sleep mode to conserve power. After the mobile device 25 is setup, aninstaller opens the commissioning/maintenance application 22 on themobile device 25 and walks into an area of the installation that isready to commission as a lighting control group.

Configuring a Group Network

Wall switches 20A-N and luminaires 10A-N are under the command of themobile device 25 and respond to a sequence of commands to configure agroup network. The wall switches 20A-N respond to a blink request byrapidly blinking an LED. The LED pilot light brightness level is set toa maximum. The luminaires 10A-N responds to a blink request by rapidlyblinking an LED light pack. At any time, the lighting control device,including luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N, plug load controller30, plug pack 35, etc., ceases blinking upon command. The device thenaccepts the sub-GHz short MAC address, group number, group name, groupRF channel, and personal area network (PAN) ID from the mobile device25. The device persists this information in non-volatile memory (NVM).The device ceases blinking.

The lighting control device accepts the settings from thecommissioning/maintenance application 22 of mobile device 25 andpersists the settings in non-volatile memory. Additionally, lightingcontrol devices that are luminaires 10A-N also receive settings for anon-board controller (MCU) and on-board integrated sensors. The lightingcontrol device may also receive a request to execute an RF spectrum scanto determine the group RF channel. If so, the lighting control deviceexecutes the scan and returns the results to the mobile device 25 fordistribution to the other group devices.

The above sequence of commands issued from the commissioning/maintenanceapplication 22 of mobile device 25 are expected to be in order. Commandsreceived out of order are consider to be an intrusion attempt. Thelighting control device configures its media access control (MAC) layerdevice circuitry and its physical layer circuitry for the OSI model(PHY) with the data transferred from the mobile device 25 and remains incommissioning state.

Connecting a Group Network

To connect to the group network, the lighting control devices accept thegroup address table from the mobile device 25. The group address tableidentifies all of the lighting control devices in the group. The devicepersists this information in non-volatile memory. The device uses thelighting control network 5 (e.g., sub-GHz network) to pass the groupaddress table to the other lighting control devices, such as luminaires10A-N and wall switches 20A-N, in the group. The communication over thelighting control network 5 is reliable-unicast and may involve somemessage segmenting if the table size exceeds transport protocol dataunit (PDU) size.

The lighting control device returns a status to the mobile device 25indicating success or failures encountered while distributing the table.The lighting control device accepts a command to tune the group RFtransmission (TX) power levels and executes the tune according to thediscussion below.

The commissioning/maintenance application 22 of mobile device 25disconnects after issuing the command to tune the group RF TX powerlevels. The above sequence of commands issued from the mobile device 25are expected to be in order. As noted previously, commands received outof order are consider to be an intrusion attempt. Upon completion, thelighting control devices in the group transition to an operationalstate.

Radio Frequency Channel Selection

The group RF channel is determined at commissioning time by a linepowered lighting fixture, such as luminaires 10A-N. Thecommissioning/maintenance application 22 of mobile device 25 requeststhe A spectrum scan of the available channels (10) seeking the channelwith the lowest average noise level measured over a short period oftime.

The process is as follows. Mobile device 25 is connected to a luminaire10A-N via the commission network 7 (e.g., BLE). The mobile device 25requests a spectrum scan indicating the number of samples/per channel tobe produced. The luminaire 10A-N executes a passive scan of thefollowing channels (channel number, center frequency):

-   904 MHz-   906 MHz-   908 MHz-   910 MHz-   912 MHz-   914 MHz-   916 MHz-   918 MHz-   920 MHz-   922 MHz-   924 MHz-   926 MHz

The luminaire 10A-N returns the average energy and peak energy detectedfor each channel. The commissioning/maintenance application 22 of mobiledevice 25 determines the optimum RF channel from the average and peakenergy samples giving preference (via a weighting factor) to channels5-8. The commissioning/maintenance application 22 of mobile device 25commands the lighting control device to configure its MAC/PHY to use theoptimum RF channel.

A modified method that replaces the above method with one that uses adiscovery and link quality measurement to join the optimum gatewaysubnetwork may also be used. Whatever the method (gateway 50 ornon-gateway), the RF channel selection scheme is timely to meet the userexperience requirements for commissioning. Alternatively, this proceduremay be decoupled from mobile device 25 so that channel selection canalso execute independently by lighting control devices, such asluminaires 10A-N and wall switches 20A-N.

Transmission Power Adjustment

Sub-GHz RF TX power levels are managed to optimize intra-groupcommunications in a way that limits adverse effects (collisions,retries, corrupt packets, etc.) on adjacent group subnetworks thathappen to be sharing the RF channel. The group monitor executes a linktest with each lighting control device in the group as follows. Thegroup monitor sends a link test message to the lighting control device.The device returns a link test response to the group monitor indicatingthe received strength signal indicator (RSSI-1) of the received messagein 1. The group monitor receives the response and notes the RSSI of thereceived message (RSSI-2). If RSSI-1 is less than the minimum RSSI-1srecorded so far, it records the new minimum RSSI.

The group monitor returns a link test response acknowledgment to thedevice indicating RSSI-2. The device receives the acknowledgement. Thedevice adjusts it RF TX power appropriately if the RSSI-2 does not fallwithin the desired range. The device returns a link test status(continue) to the group monitor. The device returns a link test status(complete) if the RSSI-2 is within the desired range. The group monitorreceives the link test status. The process repeats if the statusindicates continue (is within the desired range). Steps 1 through 6 arerepeated until all devices in the group have been tested. Thetransmission (TX) power adjustment can also be invoked for a singlegroup monitor-device link. In this case, all devices in the group do notneed to be tested.

Lighting Control Device Health

The group monitor periodically checks the health of each lightingcontrol device, such as luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N, plug loadcontroller 30, and power pack 35, in the group. The group monitor runs around robin check of each group device such that every device receives arequest to report health once every hour. In an example, given a groupwith a maximum number of devices (128), the group monitor will issue arequest for health status every ˜28.125 seconds while a group of sixwill result in a health request every 10 minutes.

Clock drift and frequency of over the air messaging are not expected tocause undesirable side effects or performance hits to the network 5,however health requests are delayed via a back off timer of 10 secondsduring bursts of network traffic to allow potential congestions to clearand make way for higher priority control operations.

The group monitor records faults reported by lighting control devicesfor later retrieval by commissioning/maintenance application 22 ofmobile device 25 for commissioning and maintenance.

Communication Failures

Wireless messaging failures are possible and expected, howevercontinuous failures indicate a problem that might be rectified byadjusting the RF properties of the communications link of lightingcontrol devices, such as luminaires 10A-N and wall switches 20A-N.Continuous failures may result if there is a change to the environmentthat alters RF performance or in cases where a lighting control deviceis experiencing internal failures.

Attempts to resolve communications failures are managed by the groupmonitor rather than separately at each lighting control device.Reliable-unicast messaging acknowledgement is the driver for detectingcommunications failures.

At lighting control devices, a communication failure occurs when thedevice transmits a reliable-unicast message and fails to receive anacknowledgement within a retry period. Upon detecting such a failure,the lighting control device increments its counters of total failuresand attempts. The lighting control device reports the percentage offailures in response to a request for health status from the groupmonitor. The lighting control device resets its counters aftersuccessful report of health status.

At a group monitor, the group monitor associates a four bit counter witheach lighting control device in the group for purposes of trackingcommunication failures. A failure occurs when the group monitor receivesno acknowledgement back after transmitting a reliable-unicast message toa group device. The group monitor will increment the counter for thatlighting control device whenever a failure occurs. The counter is resetwhenever a successful transmission occurs.

If the counter reaches a value of 0x7 for any lighting control device,the group monitor attempts to correct the consistent communicationfailure by issuing a command to the lighting control device toincrementally increase its RF TX power level.

If the counter reaches a value of 0xE for any lighting control device,the group monitor initiates an RF TX Power adjustment for the link.Counters that reach a max of 0xF remain there and may indicate a deadlighting control device. Power level adjustment trigger may be changedto act on percentage of failures (similar to the device health methodbelow) rather than consecutive failure conditions.

The group monitor 10A issues a command to the lighting control device toincrementally increase its RF TX power level if the device's statusindicates transmission failures at or greater than 15%. The groupmonitor initiates an RF TX Power adjustment for any communications linkwhere the lighting control device's status indicates transmissionfailures at or greater than 25%.

FIGS. 3A-C are block diagrams of a luminaire 10 that communicate via thelighting control system of FIGS. 1-2. Luminaire 10 is an integratedlight fixture that generally includes a power supply 305 driven by apower source 300. Power supply 305 receives power from the power source300, such as an AC mains, battery, solar panel, or any other AC or DCsource. Power supply 305 may include a magnetic transformer, electronictransformer, switching converter, rectifier, or any other similar typeof circuit to convert an input power signal into a power signal suitablefor luminaire 10.

Luminaire 10 furthers include an intelligent LED driver circuit 310,sensor/control module 315, and a light emitting diode (LED) light source320. Intelligent LED driver circuit 310 is coupled to LED light source320 and drives that LED light source 320 by regulating the power to LEDlight source 320 by providing a constant quantity or power to LED lightsource 320 as its electrical properties change with temperature, forexample. The intelligent LED driver circuit 310 includes a drivercircuit that provides power to LED light source 320 and a pilot LED 317.The pilot LED 317 may be included as part of the sensor/control module315. Intelligent LED driver circuit 310 may be a constant-voltagedriver, constant-current driver, or AC LED driver type circuit thatprovides dimming through a pulse width modulation circuit and may havemany channels for separate control of different LEDs or LED arrays. Anexample of a commercially available intelligent LED driver circuit 310is manufactured by EldoLED.

LED driver circuit 310 can further include an AC or DC current source orvoltage source, a regulator, an amplifier (such as a linear amplifier orswitching amplifier), a buck, boost, or buck/boost converter, or anyother similar type of circuit or component. LED driver circuit 310outputs a variable voltage or current to the LED light source 320 thatmay include a DC offset, such that its average value is nonzero, and/ora AC voltage. The pilot LED 317 indicates the state of the luminaire 10,for example, during the commissioning and maintenance process.

For purposes of communication and control, luminaire 10 is treated assingle addressable device that can be configured to operate as a memberof one or more lighting control groups or zones. The luminaire 10 isline powered and remains operational as long as power is available.

Sensor/control module 315 includes power distribution circuitry 325, amicro-control unit (MCU) 330, drive/sense circuitry 335, and detector(s)365. As shown, MCU 330 is coupled to LED driver circuit 310 and controlsthe light source operation of the LED light source 320. MCU 330 includesa memory 322 (volatile and non-volatile) and a central processing unit(CPU) 323. The memory 322 includes a lighting application 327 (which canbe firmware) for both lighting control operations and commissioning,maintenance, and diagnostic operations. The power distribution circuitry325 distributes power and ground voltages to the MCU 330, drive/sensecircuitry 335, wireless transceivers 345 and 350, and detector(s) 365 toprovide reliable operation of the various circuitry on thesensor/control module 315 chip.

Luminaire 10 also includes a dual-band wireless radio communicationinterface system configured for two way wireless communication. Itshould be understood that “dual-band” means communications over twoseparate RF bands. The communication over the two separate RF bands canoccur simultaneously (concurrently); however, it should be understoodthat the communication over the two separate RF bands may not actuallyoccur simultaneously. In our example, luminaire 10 has a radio set thatincludes radio 345 for sub-GHz communications and another radio 350 forBluetooth RF communications. A first transceiver 345, such as a 900 MHzwireless transceiver, issues control operations on the lighting controlnetwork. This first transceiver 345 is for any-to-many (unicast andmulticast) communication, over a first of the two different wirelesscommunication bands, of control and systems operations information,during luminaire operation and during control network operation over thefirst wireless communication band. Two transport methods ride on thenetwork layer function of the first transceiver 345: unicast andmulticast. The first transceiver 345 engages in multicast groupcommunication of a one-to-many or a many-to-many distribution wheregroup communication is addressed to a group simultaneously.

A second transceiver 350, such as a 2.4 GHz BLE (Bluetooth) wirelesstransceiver carries out commissioning, maintenance, and diagnostics ofthe lighting control network. This second transceiver 350 is forpoint-to-point communication, over a second of the two differentwireless communication bands, of information other than the control andsystems operations information, concurrently with at least somecommunications over the first wireless communication band.

As shown, the MCU 330 includes programming in the memory 322 whichconfigures the CPU (processor) 323 to control operations of therespective luminaire 10, including the communications over the twodifferent wireless communication bands via the dual-band wireless radiocommunication interface system 345, 350. The programming in the memory322 includes a real-time operating system (RTOS) and further includes alighting application 327 which is firmware/software that engages incommunications with the commissioning/maintenance application 22 ofmobile device 25 over the commissioning network 7 of FIGS. 1-2. Thelighting application 327 programming in the memory 322 carries outlighting control operations over the lighting control network 5 of FIGS.1-2. The RTOS supports multiple concurrent processing threads fordifferent simultaneous control or communication operations of theluminaire 10.

Three different CPU and memory architectures are shown for thesensor/control module 315 and the MCU 330 of the luminaire 10 in FIGS.3A-C. In FIG. 3A, in addition to the memory 322 and the CPU 323 of theMCU 330 itself, the first transceiver 345 and the second transceiver 350each include a separate memory (not shown) and a processor (not shown).Hence, in the example of FIG. 3A, the sensor/control module 15 includesa total of three processors and three sets of memory.

In FIG. 3B, the MCU 330 itself does not include a separate memory 322and a CPU 323. Instead, only the first transceiver 345 and the secondtransceiver 350 each include a separate memory 322 and a processor 323.For efficiency purposes, such as to save manufacturing costs andconserve power (e.g., line power or battery power), the memory 322 andCPU 323 of the first transceiver 345 is selected to perform processingbecause the majority of processing (normal lighting control operations)occur over the sub-GHz wireless control network 5. Hence, in the exampleof FIG. 3B, the sensor/control module 315 includes a total of twoprocessors and two sets of memory.

In FIG. 3C, the MCU 330 comprises a dual band system on chip (SOC) 345,350 and the MCU 330 itself does not include a separate memory 322 and aCPU 323. Instead, the first transceiver 345 and the second transceiver350 are integrated and combined into the chipset of the MCU 330. Hence,in the example of FIG. 3C, the sensor/control module 315 includes atotal of one processor and one set of memory. Integrating the firsttransceiver 345 and second transceiver 350 into a dual band SOC chipsetof the MCU 330, saves manufacturing costs and conserves power (e.g.,line power or battery power).

As shown, luminaire 10 includes detector(s) 365, such as an in-fixturedaylight sensor, an occupancy sensor, an audio sensor, a temperaturesensor, or other environmental sensor. Detector(s) 365 may be based onAcuity Brands Lighting's commercially available xPoint® Wireless ES7product. Drive/sense circuitry 335, such as application firmware, drivesthe in-fixture occupancy, audio, and photo sensor hardware. Outlinedbelow are lighting controls and communications in the lighting controlnetwork that occur when drive/sense circuitry 335 of luminaire 10detects state changes in the detector(s) 365, such as occupancy,daylight, and audio sensors.

Sensor State Change

When an occupancy sensor, daylight sensor, or audio sensor state changeoccurs is detected by drive/sense circuitry 335, MCU 330 of theluminaire 10 generates a network packet(s) and a wireless message iscreated with a state change event as at least part of the payload. Themessage is sent to the group monitor via the transceiver radio 345 asreliable unicast (unless luminaire 10 is hosting the group monitor) bythe lighting application 327 running on MCU.

If a gateway 50 (shown in FIGS. 1-2) is present, a wireless gatewaynotification is created indicating the sensor, the sensor state(occupied or unoccupied, inhibiting or not inhibiting), the group, andthe zone. The message is then unicast to the gateway 50 by the lightingapplication 327 running on MCU 330.

If the luminaire 10 misses acknowledgement of the wireless messageindicating the sensor state change that luminaire 10 unicasted to groupmonitor within a predetermined time period, for example, then theluminaire 10 generates and issues/transmits a group multicast messageindicating the sensor state change. No check message follow up is issuedfrom the luminaire 10 following this multicast message, but suchcommunication faults and anomalies are tallied by the luminaire 10 forhealth status reporting as described with reference to FIGS. 1-2.

Group Monitor

The group monitor acknowledges receipt of the unicast message (MAClayer) from the luminaire 10 indicating the sensor state change. Thegroup monitor extracts the payload of the network packet(s) from theunicast message and creates a multicast message in response using theextracted payload of the unicast message. The group monitor interrogatesthe extracted payload of the unicast message to determine the type ofcontrol and the zone. The payload of the multicast message indicates orspecifies a lighting control event (e.g., turn on/off or dim a lightsource) and specifies a lighting control group, for example, using alighting control group identifier. The created multicast message andextracted payload of the unicast message are temporarily saved. Thegroup monitor transmits the multicast message at least two or threetimes, for example. The group monitor also sends the extracted payloadto the applications that share the processor with the group monitor.

If a gateway 50 (see FIG. 1) is present and the type of control isoccupancy, daylight, or audio sensor related or the zone to make theadjustment to is global, a gateway notification is created indicatingthe sensor, its state (occupied or unoccupied, inhibiting or notinhibiting), the group, and the zone. The message is then reliablyunicast to the gateway 50.

After interrogating the extracted payload to determine the type ofcontrol and zone, the group monitor uses the group table to look up theset of lighting control devices that are members of the zone. The groupmonitor forms a check message using at least part of the extractedpayload of the unicast message as the payload. The group monitor sendsthe message reliable unicast to each device in the zone as a check toconfirm the receipt of the multicast in order as specified in thelighting control group network table. This confirmation check is notmade with the luminaire 10 that has the sensor that actually initiatedthe state change event.

The group monitor service accommodates concurrent multiple occupancy,daylighting, or audio events irrespective of zone. The group monitorservice cancels a confirmation check if it receives a state thatobsolesces an active state in progress. In this case, the group monitorservice starts a new confirmation check based on the latest state.

If the group monitor misses the unicast message from the luminaire 10but gets the multicast issued by the luminaire 10—the group monitorexecutes the gateway and zone check described above.

Recipient Lighting Control Devices

Upon receipt of a multicast message from the group monitor at arecipient lighting control device (e.g., luminaire, wall switch, plugload controller, or power pack) that was sent in response to theoriginal message from luminaire 10, the recipient device checks thegroup indication and the counter. The message is discarded if thelighting control device is not a member of the identified lightingcontrol group specified in the message. The message is also discarded ifit is a duplicate (multicast switch state change events are transmittedat least three times, for example, by the group monitor).

The payload is extracted from the multicast message and processed by thelighting application 327 running on the MCU 330. Upon receipt of theconfirmation check, the message is acknowledged (MAC). The recipientlighting control device determines if it has already acted on the event.If not then the payload is extracted from the unicast message andprocessed by the lighting application 327 running on the MCU 330.Applications are responsible for either processing the extracted payloador discarding it as out of zone scope.

For example, upon receipt of the multicast message from the lightingcontrol group monitor at a respective recipient lighting control device,the respective recipient lighting control device checks a lightingcontrol group identifier to determine whether the respective recipientcontrol device is a member of the identified lighting control group inthe message. The recipient lighting control device then determineswhether the recipient lighting control device has already acted on alighting control event (e.g., turn on/off or dim a light source) forlighting control network operation that is similar or identical to theevent in the multicast message. If the recipient lighting control devicehas not already acted in accordance with the control event for lightingcontrol operation, the recipient lighting control device adjusts one ofits own LED light source(s) in accordance with the control event.Alternatively, if the recipient lighting control device has alreadyacted on the lighting control event specified in the multicast message,no further action is taken in response by discarding the multicastmessage.

In an example, the scope of daylight light sensor control is that of thehosting luminaire 10 itself. Therefore events of this type may only beprocessed locally and not distributed over the lighting control network5.

FIGS. 4A-C are block diagrams of a wall switch 20 that communicate viathe lighting control system of FIGS. 1-2. The circuitry, hardware, andsoftware of wall switch 20 shown is similar to the luminaire 10 of FIG.3. However, wall switch 20 is a controller that can be a battery powereddevice.

Wall switch 20 is similar to luminaire 10 in that they are singularlyaddressable devices that can be configured to operate as a member of oneor more lighting control groups or zones. As shown, wall switch 20includes a power supply 405, such as a battery or line power, to poweritself. Wall switch 10 furthers include an LED driver circuit 410, and alight emitting diode(s) (LED) 420. LED driver circuit 410 is coupled toLED(s) 420 and drives that LED(s) 420 by regulating the power to LED(s)420 by providing a constant quantity or power to LED light source 420 asits electrical properties change with temperature, for example. The LEDdriver circuit 410 includes a driver circuit that provides power toLED(s) 420 and a pilot LED 417. LED driver circuit 410 may be aconstant-voltage driver, constant-current driver, or AC LED driver typecircuit that provides dimming through a pulse width modulation circuitand may have many channels for separate control of different LEDs or LEDarrays. An example of a commercially available intelligent LED drivercircuit 410 is manufactured by EldoLED.

LED driver circuit 410 can further include an AC or DC current source orvoltage source, a regulator, an amplifier (such as a linear amplifier orswitching amplifier), a buck, boost, or buck/boost converter, or anyother similar type of circuit or component. LED driver circuit 410outputs a variable voltage or current to the LED light source 420 thatmay include a DC offset, such that its average value is nonzero, and/ora AC voltage. The pilot LED 417 indicates the state of the wall switch20, for example, during the commissioning and maintenance process.

As shown, an MCU 430 is coupled to LED driver circuit 410 and controlsthe light source operation of the LED(s) 420. MCU 430 includes a memory422 (volatile and non-volatile) and a central processing unit (CPU) 423.The memory 422 includes a lighting application 427 (which can befirmware) for both lighting control operations andcommissioning/maintenance operations. The power distribution circuitry425 distributes power and ground voltages to the LED driver circuit 410,MCU 430, drive/sense circuitry 435, wireless transceivers 445 and 450,and switches 465 to provide reliable operation of the various circuitryon the wall switch 20.

Wall switch 20 also includes a dual-band wireless radio communicationinterface system configured for two way wireless communication. In ourexample, wall switch 12 has a radio set that includes radio 445 forsub-GHz communications and another radio 450 for Bluetooth RFcommunication. A first transceiver 445, such as a 900 MHz wirelesstransceiver, issues control operations on the lighting control network.This first transceiver 445 is for any-to-many (unicast and multicast)communication, over a first of the two different wireless communicationbands, of control and systems operations information, during luminaireoperation and during control network operation over the first wirelesscommunication band.

A second transceiver 450, such as a 2.4 GHz BLE (Bluetooth) wirelesstransceiver carries out commissioning and maintenance of the lightingcontrol network. This second transceiver 450 is for point-to-pointcommunication, over a second of the two different wireless communicationbands, of information other than the control and systems operationsinformation, concurrently with at least some communications over thefirst wireless communication band.

As shown, the MCU 430 includes programming in the memory 422 whichconfigures the CPU (processor) 423 to control operations of therespective wall switch 20, including the communications over the twodifferent wireless communication bands via the dual-band wireless radiocommunication interface system 445, 450. The programming in the memory422 includes a real-time operating system (RTOS) and further includes alighting application 427 which is firmware/software that engages incommunications with the commissioning/maintenance application 22 ofmobile device 25 over the commissioning network 7 of FIGS. 1-2. Thelighting application 427 programming in the memory 422 carries outlighting control operations over the lighting control network 5 of FIGS.1-2. The RTOS supports multiple concurrent processing threads fordifferent simultaneous control or communication operations of the wallswitch 20.

Three different CPU and memory architectures are shown for the MCU 430of the wall switch 20 in FIGS. 4A-C. In FIG. 4A, in addition to thememory 422 and the CPU 423 of the MCU 430 itself, the first transceiver445 and the second transceiver 450 each include a separate memory (notshown) and a processor (not shown). Hence, in the example of FIG. 4A,the MCU 430, first transceiver 445, and second transceiver 450 combineto include a total of three processors and three sets of memory.

In FIG. 4B, the MCU 430 itself does not include a separate memory 422and a CPU 423. Instead, only the first transceiver 445 and the secondtransceiver 450 each include a separate memory 422 and a processor 423.For efficiency purposes, such as to save manufacturing costs andconserve power (e.g., line power or battery power), the memory 422 andCPU 423 of the first transceiver 445 is selected to perform processingbecause the majority of processing (normal lighting control operations)occur over the sub-GHz wireless control network 5. Hence, in the exampleof FIG. 4B, the sensor/control module 415 includes a total of twoprocessors and two sets of memory.

In FIG. 4C, the MCU 430 comprises a dual band system on chip (SOC) 445,450 and the MCU 430 itself does not include a separate memory 422 and aCPU 423. Instead, the first transceiver 445 and the second transceiver450 are integrated and combined into the chipset of the MCU 430. Hence,in the example of FIG. 4C, the MCU 430 includes a total of one processorand one set of memory. Integrating the first transceiver 445 and secondtransceiver 450 into a dual band SOC chipset of the MCU 330, savesmanufacturing costs and conserves power (e.g., line power or batterypower).

As shown, wall switch 20 includes switches 465, such as a dimmer switch,set scene switch. Switches 465 can be or include sensors, such asinfrared sensors for occupancy or motion detection, an in-fixturedaylight sensor, an audio sensor, a temperature sensor, or otherenvironmental sensor. Switches 465 may be based on Acuity BrandsLighting's commercially available xPoint® Wireless ES7 product.Drive/sense circuitry 435, such as application firmware, drives theoccupancy, audio, and photo sensor hardware.

In our example, wall switch 20 includes a single shared button switch465 for on/off functions that requires knowledge of state todifferentiate between on and off. The wireless control network 5communicates output device (luminaire 10, plug load controller 30, powerpack 35) state to the wall switches 20 as a means of providing thedifferentiating state. However, the wireless control network 5suppresses the communication of output devices to constrain networktraffic. Therefore control network 5 will rely on the default mechanism(tracked on the device) for determining on/off on all of the types ofwall switch. It is therefore possible for the wall switch 20 tooccasionally be out of sync with the actual state of the zoneparticularly at installation commissioning time. Toggling the switchbutton 465 one or more times will clear any mismatched state. In ourexample, wireless control network 5 does not communicate load state viathe pilot LED 417 of wall switch 20) 20; however, in other exampleswireless control network 5 communicates load state via the pilot LED 417of wall switch 20.

Outlined below are lighting controls and communications in the lightingcontrol network that occur when drive/sense circuitry 435 detects statechanges in the switches 365 of wall switch 20.

Wall Switch Button Pushed

When the on switch 465 is pushed, the lighting application 427 runningon MCU 430 generates a network packet(s) having a payload indicating thecontrol event. A wireless message is created with the network packet(s)having the payload indicating the control event. The message is sent tothe group monitor as reliable unicast. If a gateway 50 (see FIG. 1A) ispresent and if the message is a switch on/off control, then a gatewaynotification is created indicating the wall switch 20, the state of thewall switch 20, the group, and the zone. The message is unicasted to thegateway 50.

If the wall switch 20 is a battery powered (sleepy) type wall switchwhich uses a sleep feature as a means of power conservation and thusrequires a special mechanism to acquire certain communications upon wakeup, the following extension is used. The wall switch 20 detects thebutton push and turns on the transceiver radio 445 and transmits thewireless message with the network packet(s) having the payloadindicating the control event. Next, the wall switch 20 cancels its wakeup timer. The timer wakes the device to check its mailbox in the casewhere no button push has occurred for a while. The wall switch 20 sendsa request for communications to the mail box server on the groupmonitor. The group monitor returns the contents of the mailbox addressedto the wall switch.

The wall switch 20 processes each request. Examples include a requestfor health status or a state change request. The wall switch sets itwake up timer and the timer period is directly related to the frequencyof system health reporting. The lighting application 427 de-bounces acontinual or rapid button depress sequence so as to not create a messagestorm at the group monitor. If the wall switch 20 doesn't receive theacknowledgment from the group monitor when the message having thepayload indicating the control event is unicasted to the group monitor,then the switch will generate and issue the group multicast. In thisinstance, no check message follow up is issued from the wall switch 20.Communication faults and anomalies are tallied by the switch for healthstatus reporting as described previously with reference to luminaire 10.

Group Monitor

The group monitor acknowledges (MAC layer) receipt of the unicastmessage from the wall switch 20 indicating pushing of the on switch 465.The group monitor extracts the payload of the network packet(s) from theunicast message and creates a multicast message in response using theextracted payload of the unicast message. The group monitor interrogatesthe extracted payload of the unicast message to determine the type ofcontrol and the zone. The payload of the multicast message indicates orspecifies a lighting control event (e.g., turn on/off or dim a lightsource) and specifies a lighting control group, for example, using alighting control group identifier. The created multicast message andextracted payload of the unicast message are temporarily saved. Thegroup monitor transmits the multicast message at least two or threetimes, for example. The group monitor also sends the extracted payloadto the applications that share the processor with the group monitor.

If a gateway 50 (see FIG. 1) is present and the type of control is aswitch on/off or the zone to make the adjustment to is global, then agateway notification is created indicating the state of the switch, thegroup, and the zone. The message is reliably unicast to the gateway 50.

The group monitor uses the group table to look up the set of devicesthat are members of the zone. The group monitor forms a check messageusing at least part of the saved extracted payload of the unicastmessage as the payload. The group monitor sends the message (reliableunicast) to each lighting control device in the zone as a check toconfirm the receipt of the multicast. Of note, the confirmation check isnot made with the wall switch 20 that actually initiated the controlevent.

The group monitor service accommodates concurrent multiple switch on/offevents irrespective of zone. The group monitor service cancels aconfirmation check if it receives a state that obsolesces an activestate in progress. In this case the group monitor service starts a newconfirmation check based on the latest state. If the group monitormisses the unicast message from the switch but gets the multicast issuedby the switch—the group monitor executes the gateway and zone checkdescribed above.

Recipient Lighting Control Devices

Upon receipt of a multicast message from the group monitor at arecipient lighting control device (e.g., luminaire, wall switch, plugload controller, or power pack) that was sent in response to theoriginal message from wall switch 20, the recipient device checks thegroup indication and the counter. The message is discarded if therecipient device is not a member of the identified lighting controlgroup specified in the message. The message is also discarded if it is aduplicate (multicast switch state change events are transmitted at leasttwo or three times, for example, by the group monitor). The payload isextracted from the multicast message and processed by the lightingapplication 427 running on the MCU 430. Upon receipt of the confirmationcheck, the message is acknowledged (MAC).

The recipient lighting control device determines if it has already actedon the event. If not, then the payload is extracted from the unicastmessage and processed by the lighting application 427. The applicationsare responsible for either processing the extracted payload ordiscarding it as out of zone scope.

For example, upon receipt of the multicast message from the lightingcontrol group monitor at a respective recipient lighting control device,the respective recipient lighting control device checks a lightingcontrol group identifier to determine whether the respective recipientcontrol device is a member of the identified lighting control group inthe message. The recipient lighting control device then determineswhether the recipient lighting control device has already acted on alighting control event (turn on/off or dim) for lighting control networkoperation that is similar or identical to the event in the multicastmessage. If the recipient lighting control device has not already actedin accordance with the control event for lighting control operation, therecipient lighting control device adjusts one of its own LED lightsource(s) in accordance with the control event. Alternatively, if therecipient lighting control device has already acted on the lightingcontrol event specified in the multicast message, no further action istaken in response by discarding the multicast message.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a plug load controller 30 that communicatesvia the lighting control system of FIG. 2. The circuitry, hardware, andsoftware of plug load controller 30 shown is similar to the luminaire 10of FIG. 3. However, plug load controller 30 is a retrofit device thatplugs into existing AC wall outlets, for example, and allows existingwired lighting devices, such as table lamps or floor lamps that pluginto a wall outlet, to operate in the lighting control system. The plugload controller 30 instantiates the table lamp or floor lamp by allowingfor commissioning and maintenance operations and processes wirelesslighting controls in order to the allow the lighting device to operatein the lighting control system.

Plug load controller 30 is similar to luminaire 10 in that they aresingularly addressable devices that can be configured to operate as amember of one or more lighting control groups or zones. As shown, plugload controller 30 includes a DC conversion circuit 505 (which mayinstead be a power supply) driven by a power source 500, in our example,an AC line or mains. Power source 500, however, may be a battery, solarpanel, or any other AC or DC source.

DC conversion circuit 505 receives power from the power source 500, andmay include a magnetic transformer, electronic transformer, switchingconverter, rectifier, or any other similar type of circuit to convert aninput power signal into a suitable power signal to power itself. Plugload controller 500 further comprises an AC power relay 560 which relaysincoming AC power from power source 500 to other devices that may pluginto the receptacle of plug load controller 30 thus providing an ACpower outlet 570.

Plug load controller 30 furthers include an LED driver circuit 510 and alight emitting diode(s) (LED) 520. LED driver circuit 510 is coupled toLED(s) 520 and drives that LED(s) 520 by regulating the power to LED(s)520 by providing a constant quantity or power to LED(s) 520 as itselectrical properties change with temperature, for example. The LEDdriver circuit 510 includes a driver circuit that provides power toLED(s) 520 and a pilot LED 517. LED driver circuit 510 may be aconstant-voltage driver, constant-current driver, or AC LED driver typecircuit that provides dimming through a pulse width modulation circuitand may have many channels for separate control of different LEDs or LEDarrays. An example of a commercially available intelligent LED drivercircuit 510 is manufactured by EldoLED.

LED driver circuit 510 can further include an AC or DC current source orvoltage source, a regulator, an amplifier (such as a linear amplifier orswitching amplifier), a buck, boost, or buck/boost converter, or anyother similar type of circuit or component. LED driver circuit 510outputs a variable voltage or current to the LED(s) 520 that may includea DC offset, such that its average value is nonzero, and/or a ACvoltage. The pilot LED 417 indicates the state of the plug loadcontroller 30, for example, during the commissioning and maintenanceprocess.

For purposes of communication and control, plug load controller 30 istreated as single addressable device that can be configured to operateas a member of one or more lighting control groups or zones. The plugload controller 30 is line powered and remains operational as long aspower is available.

Plug load controller 30 includes power distribution circuitry 525 and amicro-control unit (MCU) 530. As shown, MCU 530 is coupled to LED drivercircuit 510 and controls the light source operation of the LED(s) 520.MCU 530 includes a memory 522 (volatile and non-volatile) and a centralprocessing unit (CPU) 523. The memory 522 includes a lightingapplication 527 (which can be firmware) for both lighting controloperations and commissioning/maintenance operations. The powerdistribution circuitry 525 distributes power and ground voltages to theLED driver circuit 510, MCU 530, and wireless transceivers 545 and 550to provide reliable operation of the various circuitry on the plug loadcontroller 30 chip.

Plug load controller 30 also includes a dual-band wireless radiocommunication interface system configured for two way wirelesscommunication. In our example, plug load controller 30 has a radio setthat includes radio 545 for sub-GHz communications and another radio 550for Bluetooth RF communications. A first transceiver 545, such as a 900MHz wireless transceiver, issues control operations on the lightingcontrol network. This first transceiver 545 is for any-to-many (unicastand multicast) communication, over a first of the two different wirelesscommunication bands, of control and systems operations information,during luminaire operation and during control network operation over thefirst wireless communication band.

A second transceiver 550, such as a 2.4 GHz BLE (Bluetooth) wirelesstransceiver carries out commissioning and maintenance of the lightingcontrol network. This second transceiver 550 is for point-to-pointcommunication, over a second of the two different wireless communicationbands, of information other than the control and systems operationsinformation, concurrently with at least some communications over thefirst wireless communication band.

As shown, the MCU 530 includes programming in the memory 522 whichconfigures the CPU (processor) 523 to control operations of therespective plug load controller 30, including the communications overthe two different wireless communication bands via the dual-bandwireless radio communication interface system 545, 550. The programmingin the memory 522 includes a real-time operating system (RTOS) andfurther includes a lighting application 527 which is firmware/softwarethat engages in communications with the commissioning/maintenanceapplication 22 of mobile device 25 over the commissioning network 7 ofFIGS. 1-2. The lighting application 527 programming in the memory 522carries out lighting control operations over the lighting controlnetwork 5 of FIGS. 1-2. The RTOS supports multiple concurrent processingthreads for different simultaneous control or communication operationsof the plug load controller 30.

Although not shown, it should be understood that the MCU 530 of plugload controller 30 may be of the three different CPU and memoryarchitectures depicted and described for the luminaire 10 in FIGS. 3A-Cand the wall switch 20 in FIGS. 4A-C. As explained earlier, integratingthe first transceiver 545 and second transceiver 550, for example, intoa dual band SOC chipset of the MCU 530, saves manufacturing costs andconserves power (e.g., line power or battery power).

Plug load controller 30 may include detector(s), such as a daylightsensor, an occupancy sensor, an audio sensor, a temperature sensor, orother environmental sensor (not shown). Detector(s) may be based onAcuity Brands Lighting's commercially available xPoint® Wireless ES7product. Drive/sense circuitry (not shown), such as applicationfirmware, can drive the occupancy and photo sensor hardware.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a power pack 35 that communicates via thelighting control system of FIG. 2. The circuitry, hardware, and softwareof power pack 35 shown is similar to the luminaire 10 of FIG. 3.However, power pack 35 is a device that retrofits with existing wiredlight fixtures (luminaires). The power pack 35 instantiates the wiredlight fixture by allowing for commissioning and maintenance operationsand processes wireless lighting controls in order to allow the lightingdevice to operate in the lighting control system.

Power pack 35 is similar to luminaire 10 in that they are singularlyaddressable devices that can be configured to operate as a member of oneor more lighting control groups or zones. As shown, power pack 35includes a DC conversion circuit 605 (which may instead be a powersupply) driven by a power source 600, in our example, an AC line ormains. Power source 600, however, may be a battery, solar panel, or anyother AC or DC source.

DC conversion circuit 605 receives power from the power source 600, andmay include a magnetic transformer, electronic transformer, switchingconverter, rectifier, or any other similar type of circuit to convert aninput power signal into a suitable power signal to power itself. Powerpack 35 further comprises an AC power relay 660 which relays incoming ACpower from power source 600 to the existing wired luminaire.

Power pack 35 furthers include an LED driver circuit 610. LED drivercircuit 610 is coupled to luminaire and drives that luminaire byregulating a driving signal, in our example, a 0-10V dimming signal 620.The LED driver circuit 610 includes a driver circuit that provides powerto a pilot LED 617 and a dimming signal to luminaire 620. LED drivercircuit 610 may be a constant-voltage driver, constant-current driver,or AC LED driver type circuit that provides dimming through a pulsewidth modulation circuit and may have many channels for separate controlof different LEDs or LED arrays. An example of a commercially availableintelligent LED driver circuit 610 is manufactured by EldoLED.

LED driver circuit 610 can further include an AC or DC current source orvoltage source, a regulator, an amplifier (such as a linear amplifier orswitching amplifier), a buck, boost, or buck/boost converter, or anyother similar type of circuit or component. LED driver circuit 610outputs a variable voltage or current as the dimming signal toluminaire(s) 620 that may include a DC offset, such that its averagevalue is nonzero, and/or a AC voltage. The pilot LED 617 indicates thestate of the power pack 35, for example, during the commissioning andmaintenance process.

For purposes of communication and control, power pack 35 is treated assingle addressable device that can be configured to operate as a memberof one or more lighting control groups or zones. The power pack 35 isline powered and remains operational as long as power is available.

Power pack 35 includes power distribution circuitry 625 and amicro-control unit (MCU) 630. As shown, MCU 630 is coupled to LED drivercircuit 610 and controls the light source operation of the luminaire viathe dimming signal to luminaire 620. MCU 630 includes a memory 622(volatile and non-volatile) and a central processing unit (CPU) 623. Thememory 622 includes a lighting application 627 (which can be firmware)for both lighting control operations and commissioning/maintenanceoperations. The power distribution circuitry 625 distributes power andground voltages to the LED driver circuit 610, MCU 630, and wirelesstransceivers 645 and 650 to provide reliable operation of the variouscircuitry on the power pack 35 chip.

Power pack 35 also includes a dual-band wireless radio communicationinterface system configured for two way wireless communication. In ourexample, power pack 35 has a radio set that includes radio 645 forsub-GHz communications and another radio 650 for Bluetooth RFcommunications. A first transceiver 645, such as a 900 MHz wirelesstransceiver, issues control operations on the lighting control network.This first transceiver 645 is for any-to-many communication, over afirst of the two different wireless communication bands, of control andsystems operations information, during luminaire operation and duringcontrol network operation over the first wireless communication band.

A second transceiver 650, such as a 2.4 GHz BLE (Bluetooth) wirelesstransceiver carries out commissioning and maintenance of the lightingcontrol network. This second transceiver 650 is for point-to-pointcommunication, over a second of the two different wireless communicationbands, of information other than the control and systems operationsinformation, concurrently with at least some communications over thefirst wireless communication band.

As shown, the MCU 630 includes programming in the memory 622 whichconfigures the CPU (processor) 623 to control operations of therespective power pack 35, including the communications over the twodifferent wireless communication bands via the dual-band wireless radiocommunication interface system 645, 650. The programming in the memory622 includes a real-time operating system (RTOS) and further includes alighting application 627 which is firmware/software that engages incommunications with the commissioning/maintenance application 22 ofmobile device 25 over the commissioning network 7 of FIGS. 1-2. Thelighting application 627 programming in the memory 622 carries outlighting control operations over the lighting control network 5 of FIGS.1-2. The RTOS supports multiple concurrent processing threads fordifferent simultaneous control or communication operations of the powerpack 35.

Although not shown, it should be understood that the MCU 630 of powerpack 35 may be of the three different CPU and memory architecturesdepicted and described for the luminaire 10 in FIGS. 3A-C and the wallswitch 20 in FIGS. 4A-C. As explained earlier, integrating the firsttransceiver 645 and second transceiver 650, for example, into a dualband SOC chipset of the MCU 630, saves manufacturing costs and conservespower (e.g., line power or battery power).

Power pack 35 may include detector(s), such as a daylight sensor, anoccupancy sensor, an audio sensor, a temperature sensor, or otherenvironmental sensor (not shown). Detector(s) may be based on AcuityBrands Lighting's commercially available xPoint® Wireless ES7 product.Drive/sense circuitry (not shown), such as application firmware, candrive the occupancy and photo sensor hardware.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart presenting the states and transitions for thevarious lighting control devices of FIGS. 1-2. As shown in FIG. 7, thevarious lighting control devices (luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N,plug load controller 30, and power pack 35) go through a series ofstates and transitions during commissioning of the lighting controlsystem, when lighting control operations are executed, and duringmaintenance.

Beginning in block 700, lighting control devices are not yet powered upor installed. Moving now to block 710, upon power up after installationthe lighting control devices behave as autonomous devices. There is nosub-GHz subnetwork to provide collaborative control, however thelighting control devices begin BLE beaconing to identify themselves to acommissioning/maintenance application 22 executing on a mobile device25.

Upon power up, luminaries 10A-N enter an autonomous control mode thatpermits the integrated detector(s) (e.g., occupancy, daylight/photo, oraudio sensors) to exert limited control (lights on/off, dim up/down) ofthe light fixture. The control behavior is defined as default settingsfor the device.

After power up, wall switches 20A-N may turn off their beacons after apredetermined time period (e.g., one hour) after powering up in order toconserve battery life. While in an installed state, the wall switches20A-N can be induced to restart their beacons by pushing any buttonoffered. For example, the wall switches 20A-N switch off their beaconsafter a predetermined time period (e.g., one hour) after a button push.

On board pilot LEDs of the luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N, andother lighting control devices visually signal the state of the lightingcontrol device (for all states) as an aid to the system installer andmaintainer that is operating the commissioning/maintenance application22 on the mobile device 25. The pilot LED goes off when the lightingcontrol device is in an installed state.

Continuing now to block 720, the luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N,and other lighting control devices enter a commissioning state from theinstalled state upon connection to the commissioning/maintenanceapplication 22 of the mobile device 25. The luminaires 10A-N, wallswitches 20A-N, and other lighting control devices receive configurationinformation via the commissioning/maintenance application 22 and willtransition to an operational state upon completing the commissioningprocess and connecting to the group subnetwork.

The advertising beacon signals a sub-state while the luminaires 10A-Nand wall switches 20A-N undergo commissioning. The luminaires 10A-N,wall switches 20A-N, and other lighting control devices advertise anun-configured sub-state until completion of MAC-PHY configuration.Afterwards and until operational, the wall switches 20A-N or luminaires10A-N advertise a waiting-connect (sub-GHz net) sub-state. Each of theluminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N, and other lighting controldevices is commanded to issue a blink during its commissioning phase,otherwise the LED is off.

Proceeding now to block 730, the luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N,and other lighting control devices participate in collaborative groupand zone lighting control while in an operational state. For example,sensors 365 of luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N, and other lightingcontrol devices affect zone behavior by signaling control measures tothe lighting elements in the zone's fixtures.

As a security measure all luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N, andother lighting control devices, with the exception of the group monitor,cease BLE beaconing during the operational state. The group monitorchanges its advertisement to indicate its role as the group monitor andits state (operational). The pilot LED remains off during theoperational state.

Continuing now to block 740, depending on condition, luminaires 10A-N,wall switches 20A-N, and other lighting control devices experiencingfaults may enter a degraded state where partial capability is available.It may be possible to correct a degraded state through thecommissioning/maintenance application 22 of the mobile device 25. Inthis case, the degraded luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N, and otherlighting control devices are commanded to switch to the maintenancestate, the commissioning/maintenance application 22 of the mobile device25 is connected, a fix is attempted, and the device transitions toeither operational state or back to degraded state depending on outcomeof fix. Pilot LEDs can issue a bright S-O-S indication of three rapidblinks, three off counts, and three rapid blinks while in degradedstate. Upon button push, wall switches issue the same S—O—S type ofsignal 5 times and then cease activity to conserve battery power.

Moving now to block 750, luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N, andother lighting control devices can be commanded to enter a maintenancestate. The command arrives over the lighting control network (sub-GHznetwork) from the group monitor. The luminaires 10A-N, wall switches20A-N, and other lighting control devices maintain full or degradedoperating capability while in the maintenance state. The luminaires10A-N, wall switches 20A-N, and other lighting control devices resumeBLE advertising (state=maintenance) seeking connection withcommissioning/maintenance application 22 of the mobile device 25.Luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N, and other lighting controldevices can then be re-configured via the commissioning/maintenanceapplication 22 of the mobile device 25. The luminaires 10A-N, wallswitches 20A-N, and other lighting control devices transition to anoperational (or degraded) state upon command to exit the maintenancestate. The pilot LED executes a continuous bright blink when in themaintenance state. Upon button push, wall switches 20A-N issue the samecontinuous bright blink type of signal 5 times and then cease LEDactivity to conserve battery power.

FIG. 8 is a high-level functional block diagram of a mobile device 25for commissioning and maintenance of the lighting control system ofFIGS. 1-2. Shown are elements of a touch screen type of mobile device 25having the commissioning/maintenance application 22 loaded, althoughother non-touch type mobile devices can be used in the prior token-basedcommunications under consideration here. Examples of touch screen typemobile devices that may be used include (but are not limited to) a smartphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer or otherportable device. However, the structure and operation of the touchscreen type devices 25 is provided by way of example; and the subjecttechnology as described herein is not intended to be limited thereto.For purposes of this discussion, FIG. 8 therefore provides a blockdiagram illustration of the example of mobile device 25 having a touchscreen display for displaying content and receiving user input as (or aspart of) the user interface.

The activities that are the focus of discussions here typically involvedata communications. As shown in FIG. 8, the mobile device 25 includes afirst digital transceiver (XCVR) 809 a, for digital wirelesscommunications via a wide area wireless mobile communication network andsecond digital XCVR 810 a for digital wireless communications via aBluetooth network, although the mobile device 25 may include additionaldigital or analog transceivers (not shown).

The transceiver 810 a (network communication interface) conforms to oneor more of the various digital wireless communication standards forBluetooth communications. As discussed previously, communicationsthrough the Bluetooth transceiver 810 a and the commissioning network 7shown in FIGS. 1-2 relate to protocols and procedures in support ofcommissioning and maintaining lighting control devices, includingluminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N, plug load controller 30, andpower pack 35. In addition, communications to gateway 50 are alsosupported. Such communications, for example, may utilize IP packet datatransport utilizing the digital wireless transceiver (XCVR) 810 a andover the air communications via commissioning network 7 shown in FIGS.1-2. Transceiver 810 a connects through radio frequency (RF)send-and-receive amplifiers (not shown) to an antenna 810 b.

The transceiver 809 a (network communication interface) conforms to oneor more of the various digital wireless communication standards utilizedby modern mobile networks. Examples of such transceivers include (butare not limited to) transceivers configured to operate in accordancewith Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and 3rd Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP) network technologies including, for example and withoutlimitation, 3GPP type 2 (or 3GPP2) and LTE, at times referred to as“4G.” For example, transceiver 809 a provides two-way wirelesscommunication of information including digitized audio signals, stillimage and/or video signals, web page information for display as well asweb related inputs, and various types of mobile message communicationsto/from the mobile device 25.

In one example, the transceiver 809 a sends and receives a variety ofsignaling messages in support of various data services provided by anetwork of a wireless service provider, to user(s) of mobile device 25via a mobile communication network (not shown). Transceiver 809 a alsoconnects through radio frequency (RF) send-and-receive amplifiers (notshown) to an antenna 809 b.

Many modern mobile device(s) 25 also support wireless local area networkcommunications over WiFi, instead of or in addition to datacommunications using the wide area mobile communication network. Hence,in the example of FIG. 8, for packet data communications, mobile device25 may also include a WiFi transceiver 811 a and associated antenna 811b. Although WiFi is used here as the example, the transceiver 811 a maytake the form of any available two-way wireless local area network(WLAN) transceiver of a type that is compatible with one or morestandard protocols of communication implemented in wireless local areanetworks, such as one of the WiFi standards under IEEE 802.11 and/orWiMAX.

The transceiver 811 a, for example, may provide two-way data transportfor wireless communication with a wireless access point in a residenceor enterprise that the user frequents or with any available hotspotoffered in a public venue. A WiFi access point (not shown), communicateswith compatible user equipment, such as the mobile device 25, over theair using the applicable WiFi protocol. The WiFi access point providesnetwork connectivity, usually to a wide area network 55 (as shown inFIGS. 1-2), such as the Internet. In a home or office premises, forexample, the WiFi access point would connect directly or via a localarea network (LAN) to a line providing internet access service. In amore public venue, an access point configured as a hotspot may offersimilar connectivity for customers or others using the venue, on termsand conditions set by the venue operator. Although communicating througha different network or networks, the transceiver 811 a supports varioustypes of data communications similar to the packet data communicationssupported via the mobile network transceiver 809 a, includingcommunications to and from gateway 50 and the other devices shown inFIGS. 1-2.

The mobile device 25 further includes a microprocessor, sometimesreferred to herein as the host controller 802. A processor 802 is acircuit having elements structured and arranged to perform one or moreprocessing functions, typically various data processing functions.Although discrete logic components could be used, the examples utilizecomponents forming a programmable CPU. A microprocessor 802 for exampleincludes one or more integrated circuit (IC) chips incorporating theelectronic elements to perform the functions of the CPU. The processor802, for example, may be based on any known or available microprocessorarchitecture, such as a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) usingan ARM architecture, as commonly used today in mobile devices and otherportable electronic devices. Of course, other processor circuitry may beused to form the CPU or processor hardware in mobile device 25, otherdevices and server computers (e.g., gateway 50), network elements, etc.

Returning more specifically to the mobile device 25 example of FIG. 8,the microprocessor 802 serves as a programmable host controller formobile device 25 by configuring device 25 to perform various operations,for example, in accordance with instructions or programming executableby processor 802. For example, such operations may include variousgeneral operations of the mobile device 25, as well as operationsrelated to communications with luminaires 10A-N, wall switches 20A-N andother lighting control devices during commissioning and maintenanceperformed by the commissioning/maintenance application 22. Although aprocessor may be configured by use of hardwired logic, typicalprocessors in mobile devices are general processing circuits configuredby execution of programming.

The mobile device 25 includes a memory or storage system 804, forstoring data and programming. In the example, the memory system 804 mayinclude a flash memory 804 a and a random access memory (RAM) 804 b. TheRAM 804 b serves as short term storage for instructions and data beinghandled by the processor 802, e.g. as a working data processing memory.The flash memory 804 a typically provides longer term storage.

Hence, in the example of mobile device 25, the flash memory 804 a isused to store programming or instructions for execution by the processor802. Depending on the type of device, the mobile device 25 stores andruns a mobile operating system through which specific applications,including commissioning/maintenance application 22 (which may be a webbrowser executing a dynamic web page) or a native application, run onthe mobile device 25. Examples of mobile operating systems includeGoogle Android, Apple iOS (I-Phone or iPad devices), Windows Mobile,Amazon Fire OS, RIM BlackBerry operating system, or the like. Flashmemory 804 a may also be used to store mobile configuration settings fordifferent mobile applications or services executable at device 25 usingprocessor 802.

Of course, other storage devices or configurations may be added to orsubstituted for those in the example. Such other storage devices may beimplemented using any type of storage medium having computer orprocessor readable instructions or programming stored therein and mayinclude, for example, any or all of the tangible memory of thecomputers, processors or the like, or associated modules.

The instructions or programming may be used to implement any otherdevice functions associated with communications for commissioning andmaintenance on mobile device 25. Program aspects of the technology maybe thought of as “products” or “articles of manufacture” typically inthe form of executable code or process instructions and/or associateddata that is stored on or embodied in a type of machine or processorreadable medium (e.g., transitory or non-transitory), such as one of thememories 804 a, 804 b of memory system 804, or a memory of a computerused to download or otherwise install such programming into the mobiledevice, or a transportable storage device or a communications medium forcarrying program for installation in the mobile device 25.

In the example, the flash memory 804 a stores applications for executionby the microprocessor-based host controller 802, typically throughoperation/execution of the device operating system. Of note, forpurposes of the present discussion, the flash memory 804 stores acommissioning/maintenance application 22 as one of the programs forexecution by the microprocessor 802. Execution ofcommissioning/maintenance application 22 by the microprocessor 802configures mobile device 25 to perform a variety of functions,particularly to commission and maintain the lighting control devicesover the commissioning network 7. In the example,commissioning/maintenance application 22 also engages in communicationswith the gateway 50.

In the illustrated example, the mobile device 25 includes a securecomponent 800. The secure component 800 (e.g. a secure element or “SE”)may be provisioned as a section within the memory 804 or may take theform of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) located within thedevice 25. A common example of a UICC implementation of the SE 800 is asubscriber identity module (SIM). As discussed above, the SE providessecure storage for various identifiers associated with mobile device 25.The SE typically has a unique identifier and is provisioned foroperation of the mobile device 25 by storage of a mobile directorynumber (MDN) and/or mobile identification number (MIN) assigned to thedevice 25 by the carrier network operator.

The secure component contains applications that use secure keys runninginside the secure processor. Although similar to other applications, theapplications for the secure processor are sometimes smaller andsometimes referred to as applets 843. In an example,commissioning/maintenance application 22 may be an applet residing inthe SE 800. For example, there may be at least one applet 842 to engagein communications.

The mobile device 25 may include a variety of different types ofphysical user interface elements to interact with thecommissioning/maintenance application 22. For discussion purposes, inthe mobile device 25 shown in FIG. 8, the physical user interfaceelements of device 20 includes a touch screen display 820 (also referredto herein as “touch screen 820” or “display 820”) to support gestures.For output purposes, the touch screen 820 includes a display screen,such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) or the like. For input purposes,touch screen display 820 includes a plurality of touch sensors 822.

A keypad may be implemented in hardware as a physical keyboard of mobiledevice 25, and keys may correspond to hardware keys of such a keyboard.Alternatively, some or all of the keys 830 (and keyboard) of device 25may be implemented as “soft keys” of a virtual keyboard graphicallyrepresented in an appropriate arrangement via touch screen display 820.The soft keys presented on the touch screen display 820 may allow theuser of device 25 to invoke the same user interface functions as withthe physical hardware keys for authentication purposes.

In general, touch screen display 820 and touch sensors 822 (and one ormore keys 630, if included) are used to provide a textual and graphicaluser interface for the mobile device 25. In an example, touch screendisplay 820 provides viewable content to the user at device 25. Touchscreen display 820 also enables the user to interact directly with theviewable content provided in the content display area, typically bytouching the surface of the screen with a finger or an implement such asa stylus.

As shown in FIG. 8, the mobile device 25 also includes a sense circuit828 coupled to touch sensors 822 for detecting the occurrence andrelative location/position of each touch with respect to a contentdisplay area of touch screen display 820. In this example, sense circuit828 is configured to provide processor 802 with touch-positioninformation based on user input received via touch sensors 822. In someimplementations, processor 802 is configured to correlate the touchposition information to specific content being displayed within thecontent display area on touch screen display 820. The touch-positioninformation captured by the sense circuit 828 and provided to processor802 may include, but is not limited to, coordinates identifying thelocation of each detected touch with respect to the display area oftouch screen display 820 and a timestamp corresponding to each detectedtouch position. Accordingly, the processor 802 may determine input of aphone number, a token, or menu identifiers selected during audiblescripts, for example.

It will be understood that the terms and expressions used herein havethe ordinary meaning as is accorded to such terms and expressions withrespect to their corresponding respective areas of inquiry and studyexcept where specific meanings have otherwise been set forth herein.Relational terms such as first and second and the like may be usedsolely to distinguish one entity or action from another withoutnecessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or orderbetween such entities or actions. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,”“includes,” “including,” or any other variation thereof, are intended tocover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article,or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include onlythose elements but may include other elements not expressly listed orinherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An elementpreceded by “a” or “an” does not, without further constraints, precludethe existence of additional identical elements in the process, method,article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

Unless otherwise stated, any and all measurements, values, ratings,positions, magnitudes, sizes, and other specifications that are setforth in this specification, including in the claims that follow, areapproximate, not exact. They are intended to have a reasonable rangethat is consistent with the functions to which they relate and with whatis customary in the art to which they pertain.

While the foregoing has described what are considered to be the bestmode and/or other examples, it is understood that various modificationsmay be made therein and that the subject matter disclosed herein may beimplemented in various forms and examples, and that they may be appliedin numerous applications, only some of which have been described herein.It is intended by the following claims to claim any and allmodifications and variations that fall within the true scope of thepresent concepts.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A lighting system, comprising: a lightingcontrol group including lighting control group members that areconnected together over a lighting control network, one of the membersbeing designated as a lighting control group monitor; some of thelighting control group members are luminaires, each respective one ofthe luminaires comprising: (a) a light source; (b) a driver circuitcoupled to the light source; (c) at least one processor coupled to thedriver circuit and configured to control light source operation via thedriver; (d) a dual-band wireless radio communication interface systemfor communicating over two different wireless communication bands,including: (i) a first transceiver configured for wireless communicationvia the lighting control network over a first wireless communicationband of the two different wireless communication bands, related to lightsource control operations, over the first wireless communication band;and (ii) a second transceiver configured for wireless communication viaa second network, over a second of the two different wirelesscommunication bands, related to commissioning, configuration, ormaintenance operations; wherein respective frequencies of the twodifferent wireless communication bands differ by at least a factor oftwo (2); (e) at least one memory accessible to the at least oneprocessor; and (f) programming in the at least one memory whichconfigures the at least one processor to control operations of therespective luminaire, including the communications over the twodifferent wireless communication bands via the dual-band wireless radiocommunication interface system; wherein at least one of the lightingcontrol group members or the lighting control group monitor is a controlnode, comprising: (a) a switch or a detector; (b) a sense circuitresponsive to the switch or the detector to generate a sensing signal;(c) at least one processor coupled to the sense circuit and configuredto receive and respond to the sensing signal; (d) a dual-band wirelessradio communication interface system including: (i) a first transceiverconfigured for wireless communication via the lighting control networkof light source control operations, over the first wirelesscommunication band; and (ii) a second transceiver configured forwireless communication via the second network of commissioning,configuration, or maintenance operations, over the second wirelesscommunication band; and (e) at least one memory accessible to the atleast one processor of the control node; and (f) programming in the atleast one memory which configures the at least one processor of thecontrol node to transmit information based on the sensing signal for thelight source control operations over the first communication band viathe dual-band wireless radio communication interface system.
 2. Thelighting system of claim 1, wherein: the first transceiver of thedual-band wireless radio communication interface system includes a firstprocessor and a first memory; the second transceiver of the dual-bandwireless radio communication interface system includes a secondprocessor and a second memory; the respective luminaire includes amicro-control unit having a third processor and a third memory;processing of the light source control operations over the firstwireless communication band occurs via the third processor and the thirdmemory of the micro-control unit; and the respective luminaire includesa total of three processors and three sets of memory.
 3. The lightingsystem of claim 1, wherein: the first transceiver of the dual-bandwireless radio communication interface system includes a first processorand a first memory; the second transceiver of the dual-band wirelessradio communication interface system includes a second processor and asecond memory; processing of the light source control operations overthe first wireless communication band occurs via the first processor andthe first memory of the first transceiver for wireless communication viathe lighting control network; and the respective luminaire includes atotal of two processors and two sets of memory.
 4. The lighting systemof claim 1, wherein: each respective luminaire include a dual-bandsystem on chip; the dual-band system on chip includes the dual-bandwireless radio communication interface system and a micro-control unitthat includes one processor and one set of memory integrated in acombined chipset; and the respective luminaire includes a total of oneprocessor and one set of memory.
 5. The lighting system of claim 1,wherein: the first transceiver is a sub-gigahertz band radio transceiverfor the wireless communications over the first wireless communicationband; and the second transceiver is a two gigahertz or higher band radiotransceiver for the wireless communications over the second wirelesscommunication band.
 6. The lighting system of claim 1, furthercomprising: a gateway connected to both the lighting control network anda third network of light source control operations, the third networkseparate from the lighting control network and the second network;wherein the lighting control group monitor is one of the luminaires andfurther includes programming in the at least one memory of the oneluminaire which configures the at least one processor of the oneluminaire to: receive, over the first communication band, a wirelessmessage for lighting control network operation indicating a lightingcontrol event from another of the lighting control group members; send,over the first communication band, the indication of the lightingcontrol event to other lighting control group members over the firstcommunication band; determine whether the lighting control event is aglobal adjustment; in response to determining the lighting control eventis the global adjustment, create a gateway notification; and transmit,over the first communication band, the gateway notification.
 7. Thelighting system of claim 6, wherein the third network is a wide areanetwork (WAN).
 8. The lighting system of claim 6, wherein programming inthe at least one memory of the one luminaire further configures the atleast one processor of the lighting control group monitor to transmitthe gateway notification to the gateway via reliable unicast.
 9. Thelighting system of claim 6, wherein: programming in the at least onememory of the one luminaire further configures the at least oneprocessor of the lighting control group monitor to determine whether thelighting control event is a sensor state change or a switch state changerelated to lighting control; and the gateway notification indicates thesensor state change or the switch state change to lighting relatedcontrol.
 10. The lighting system of claim 6, wherein gatewaynotification further indicates the lighting control group.
 11. Thelighting system of claim 1, wherein the lighting control group issubdivided into a plurality of control zones.
 12. The lighting system ofclaim 1, wherein the lighting control group is defined by a radiofrequency (RF) channel.
 13. The lighting system of claim 1, wherein therespective luminaire subscribes to a multicast group as identified by alighting control group identifier and reacts to messages on the RFchannel of the lighting control group.
 14. The lighting system of claim1, wherein the lighting control group members include a plug loadcontroller, a power pack, a switch, or a detector.
 15. The lightingsystem of claim 1, wherein each respective one of the luminairesincludes: a detector; and wherein the at least one processor of therespective luminaire detects a state change of the detector viadrive/sense circuitry and then sends a wireless message for lightingcontrol network operation to the lighting control group monitor of thelighting control group indicating the detector state change.
 16. Thelighting system of claim 15, wherein the detector is an in-fixturedaylight sensor, an occupancy sensor, an audio sensor, or a temperaturesensor.
 17. The lighting system of claim 1, wherein the lighting controlnetwork is defined as a star topology network having the lightingcontrol group monitor at a center of the lighting control groupcomprised of the lighting control group members.
 18. The lighting systemof claim 1, wherein the communication over the first wirelesscommunication band together implement a non-mesh wireless networktopology.
 19. The lighting system of claim 1, wherein the programming ofeach respective one of the luminaires includes a real time operatingsystem (RTOS) for control or communication operations of the respectiveluminaire.
 20. A lighting system, comprising: a lighting control groupincluding lighting control group members that are connected togetherover a lighting control network, one of the members being designated asa lighting control group monitor; some of the lighting control groupmembers are luminaires, each respective one of the luminairescomprising: (a) a light source; (b) a driver circuit coupled to thelight source; (c) at least one processor coupled to the driver circuitand configured to control light source operation via the driver; (d) adual-band wireless radio communication interface system forcommunicating over two different wireless communication bands,including: (i) a first transceiver configured for wireless communicationvia the lighting control network over a first wireless communicationband of the two different wireless communication bands, related to lightsource control operations, over the first wireless communication band;and (ii) a second transceiver configured for wireless communication viaa second network, over a second of the two different wirelesscommunication bands, related to commissioning, configuration, ormaintenance operations; wherein respective frequencies of the twodifferent wireless communication bands differ by at least a factor ofone and a half (1.5); (e) at least one memory accessible to the at leastone processor; and (f) programming in the at least one memory whichconfigures the at least one processor to control operations of therespective luminaire, including the communications over the twodifferent wireless communication bands via the dual-band wireless radiocommunication interface system; wherein at least one of the lightingcontrol group members or the lighting control group monitor is a controlnode, comprising: (a) a switch or a detector; (b) a sense circuitresponsive to the switch or the detector to generate a sensing signal;(c) at least one processor coupled to the sense circuit and configuredto receive and respond to the sensing signal; (d) a dual-band wirelessradio communication interface system including: (i) a first transceiverconfigured for wireless communication via the lighting control networkof light source control operations, over the first wirelesscommunication band; and (ii) a second transceiver configured forwireless communication via the second network of commissioning,configuration, or maintenance operations, over the second wirelesscommunication band; and (e) at least one memory accessible to the atleast one processor of the control node; and (f) programming in the atleast one memory which configures the at least one processor of thecontrol node to transmit information based on the sensing signal for thelight source control operations over the first communication band viathe dual-band wireless radio communication interface system.
 21. Thelighting system of claim 20, wherein: the first transceiver of thedual-band wireless radio communication interface system includes a firstprocessor and a first memory; the second transceiver of the dual-bandwireless radio communication interface system includes a secondprocessor and a second memory; the respective luminaire includes amicro-control unit having a third processor and a third memory;processing of the light source control operations over the firstwireless communication band occurs via the third processor and the thirdmemory of the micro-control unit; and the respective luminaire includesa total of three processors and three sets of memory.
 22. The lightingsystem of claim 20, wherein: the first transceiver of the dual-bandwireless radio communication interface system includes a first processorand a first memory; the second transceiver of the dual-band wirelessradio communication interface system includes a second processor and asecond memory; processing of the light source control operations overthe first wireless communication band occurs via the first processor andthe first memory of the first transceiver for wireless communication viathe lighting control network; and the respective luminaire includes atotal of two processors and two sets of memory.
 23. The lighting systemof claim 20, wherein: each respective luminaire include a dual-bandsystem on chip; the dual-band system on chip includes the dual-bandwireless radio communication interface system and a micro-control unitthat includes one processor and one set of memory integrated in acombined chipset; and the respective luminaire includes a total of oneprocessor and one set of memory.
 24. The lighting system of claim 20,wherein: the first transceiver is a sub-gigahertz band radio transceiverfor the wireless communications over the first wireless communicationband; and the second transceiver is a two gigahertz or higher band radiotransceiver for the wireless communications over the second wirelesscommunication band.
 25. The lighting system of claim 20, furthercomprising: a gateway connected to both the lighting control network anda third network of light source control operations, the third networkseparate from the lighting control network and the second network;wherein the lighting control group monitor is one of the luminaires andfurther includes programming in the at least one memory of the oneluminaire which configures the at least one processor of the oneluminaire to: receive, over the first communication band, a wirelessmessage for lighting control network operation indicating a lightingcontrol event from another of the lighting control group members; send,over the first communication band, the indication of the lightingcontrol event to other lighting control group members over the firstcommunication band; determine whether the lighting control event is aglobal adjustment; in response to determining the lighting control eventis the global adjustment, create a gateway notification; and transmit,over the first communication band, the gateway notification.
 26. Thelighting system of claim 25, wherein the third network is a wide areanetwork (WAN).
 27. The lighting system of claim 25, wherein programmingin the at least one memory of the one luminaire further configures theat least one processor of the lighting control group monitor to transmitthe gateway notification to the gateway via reliable unicast.
 28. Thelighting system of claim 25, wherein: programming in the at least onememory of the one luminaire further configures the at least oneprocessor of the lighting control group monitor to determine whether thelighting control event is a sensor state change or a switch state changerelated to lighting control; and the gateway notification indicates thesensor state change or the switch state change to lighting relatedcontrol.
 29. The lighting system of claim 25, wherein gatewaynotification further indicates the lighting control group.
 30. Thelighting system of claim 20, wherein the lighting control group issubdivided into a plurality of control zones.
 31. The lighting system ofclaim 20, wherein the lighting control group is defined by a radiofrequency (RF) channel.
 32. The lighting system of claim 20, wherein therespective luminaire subscribes to a multicast group as identified by alighting control group identifier and reacts to messages on the RFchannel of the lighting control group.
 33. The lighting system of claim20, wherein the lighting control group members include a plug loadcontroller, a power pack, a switch, or a detector.
 34. The lightingsystem of claim 20, wherein each respective one of the luminairesincludes: a detector; and wherein the at least one processor of therespective luminaire detects a state change of the detector viadrive/sense circuitry and then sends a wireless message for lightingcontrol network operation to the lighting control group monitor of thelighting control group indicating the detector state change.
 35. Thelighting system of claim 34, wherein the detector is an in-fixturedaylight sensor, an occupancy sensor, an audio sensor, or a temperaturesensor.
 36. The lighting system of claim 20, wherein the lightingcontrol network is defined as a star topology network having thelighting control group monitor at a center of the lighting control groupcomprised of the lighting control group members.
 37. The lighting systemof claim 20, wherein the communication over the first wirelesscommunication band together implement a non-mesh wireless networktopology.
 38. The lighting system of claim 20, wherein the programmingof each respective one of the luminaires includes a real time operatingsystem (RTOS) for control or communication operations of the respectiveluminaire.
 39. A lighting system, comprising: a lighting control groupincluding lighting control group members that are connected togetherover a lighting control network, one of the members being designated asa lighting control group monitor; some of the lighting control groupmembers are luminaires, each respective one of the luminairescomprising: (a) a light source; (b) a driver circuit coupled to thelight source; (c) at least one processor coupled to the driver circuitand configured to control light source operation via the driver; (d) adual-band wireless radio communication interface system forcommunicating over two different wireless communication bands,including: (i) a first transceiver configured for wireless communicationvia the lighting control network over a first wireless communicationband of the two different wireless communication bands, related to lightsource control operations, over the first wireless communication band;and (ii) a second transceiver configured for wireless communication viaa second network, over a second of the two different wirelesscommunication bands, related to commissioning, configuration, ormaintenance operations; wherein respective frequencies of the twodifferent wireless communication bands are spread apart by at least one(1) gigahertz; (e) at least one memory accessible to the at least oneprocessor; and (f) programming in the at least one memory whichconfigures the at least one processor to control operations of therespective luminaire, including the communications over the twodifferent wireless communication bands via the dual-band wireless radiocommunication interface system; wherein at least one of the lightingcontrol group members or the lighting control group monitor is a controlnode, comprising: (a) a switch or a detector; (b) a sense circuitresponsive to the switch or the detector to generate a sensing signal;(c) at least one processor coupled to the sense circuit and configuredto receive and respond to the sensing signal; (d) a dual-band wirelessradio communication interface system including: (i) a first transceiverconfigured for wireless communication via the lighting control networkof light source control operations, over the first wirelesscommunication band; and (ii) a second transceiver configured forwireless communication via the second network of commissioning,configuration, or maintenance operations, over the second wirelesscommunication band; and (e) at least one memory accessible to the atleast one processor of the control node; and (f) programming in the atleast one memory which configures the at least one processor of thecontrol node to transmit information based on the sensing signal for thelight source control operations over the first communication band viathe dual-band wireless radio communication interface system.
 40. Alighting system, comprising: a lighting control group including lightingcontrol group members that are connected together over a lightingcontrol network, one of the members being designated as a lightingcontrol group monitor; some of the lighting control group members areluminaires, each respective one of the luminaires comprising: (a) alight source; (b) a driver circuit coupled to the light source; (c) atleast one processor coupled to the driver circuit and configured tocontrol light source operation via the driver; (d) a dual-band wirelessradio communication interface system for communicating over twodifferent wireless communication bands, including: (i) a firsttransceiver configured for wireless communication via the lightingcontrol network over a first wireless communication band of the twodifferent wireless communication bands, related to light source controloperations, over the first wireless communication band; and (ii) asecond transceiver configured for wireless communication via a secondnetwork, over a second of the two different wireless communicationbands, related to commissioning, configuration, or maintenanceoperations; wherein respective frequencies of the two different wirelesscommunication bands are spread apart by at least one and a half (1.5)gigahertz; (e) at least one memory accessible to the at least oneprocessor; and (f) programming in the at least one memory whichconfigures the at least one processor to control operations of therespective luminaire, including the communications over the twodifferent wireless communication bands via the dual-band wireless radiocommunication interface system; wherein at least one of the lightingcontrol group members or the lighting control group monitor is a controlnode, comprising: (a) a switch or a detector; (b) a sense circuitresponsive to the switch or the detector to generate a sensing signal;(c) at least one processor coupled to the sense circuit and configuredto receive and respond to the sensing signal; (d) a dual-band wirelessradio communication interface system including: (i) a first transceiverconfigured for wireless communication via the lighting control networkof light source control operations, over the first wirelesscommunication band; and (ii) a second transceiver configured forwireless communication via the second network of commissioning,configuration, or maintenance operations, over the second wirelesscommunication band; and (e) at least one memory accessible to the atleast one processor of the control node; and (f) programming in the atleast one memory which configures the at least one processor of thecontrol node to transmit information based on the sensing signal for thelight source control operations over the first communication band viathe dual-band wireless radio communication interface system.